There are countless ways the Hindu attitudes of compassion,
respect and self-effacement are expressed. Below are
briefly describe some of the most important for foreign
tourists to better understand indigenous culture of
Pushkar and then act accordingly, to avoid embarrassment.
A. Respect and Reverences
1.RESPECT FOR ELDERS:
Respect for elders is a keystone of Hindu culture. This
genuine acknowledgment of seniority is demonstrated
through endearing customs, such as sitting to the left
of elders, not sitting while they are standing, , not
contradicting or arguing, seeking their advice and blessings,
giving them first choice in all matters, even serving
their food first.
2.NAME PROTOCOL:
Youngers never use the proper name of their elders The
elder, however, may use the name of the younger. A Hindu
wife never speaks the name of her husband. When referring
to him she uses terms such as "my husband,"
"him" or, for example, "Jothi's father."
3. TOUCHING FEET IN RESPECT:
One touches the feet of holy men and women in recognition
of their great humility and inner attainment. A dancer
or a musician touches the feet of his or her teacher
before and after each lesson. Children prostrate and
touch the feet of their mother and father at special
times, such as New Year's day, birthdays and before
departing on a journey.
4. BEHOLDING THE DIVINE:
The concept of darshana, meaning, "seeing,"
and referring to beholding with inner or outer vision,
a temple image, Deity, holy person or place, with the
desire to inwardly contact and receive the grace and
blessings of the venerated being or beings. Gods and
gurus are thus said to "give" darshana, and
devotees "take" darshana, with the eyes being
the mystic locus through which energy is exchanged.
It is a direct and personal two-sided apprehension --
highly sought-after experience of Hindu faith.
5. DAKSHINA:
It is tradition to provide dakshina, a monetary fee
or gift to a priest given at the completion of any rite.
Dakshina is also given to gurus as a token of appreciation
for their spiritual blessings.
B. Modesty
1. MODESTY:
Interaction in public between men and women is much
more restrained in Indian culture than in Western culture.
In Indian culture, for the most part, men socialize
with men, and women with women. Men never touch women
in public, such as helping a woman out of a car, unless
the lady is very elderly or infirm.
2. DISPLAYING AFFECTION:
Married couples in Asia do not hug, hold hands or kiss
in public. Even embracing at airports and train stations
is considered out of the question.
3. WOMEN IN PUBLIC:
Generally it is improper for women to speak with strangers
on the street and especially to strike up a casual conversation.
Similarly, drinking alcohol or smoking in public, no
matter how innocent, are interpreted as a sign of moral
laxity and are not acceptable.
4. GREETING WOMEN:
However, Hindu men never shake hands with women in the
above manner or in any other way. Women are greeted
by placing hands in anjali mudra, the prayerful gesture.
C. Purity
Purity and its opposite, pollution, are vitally important
in Hindu culture. While they imply a strong sense of
physical cleanliness, their significance extends to
social, ceremonial, mental, emotional, psychic and spiritual
contamination. Freedom from all forms of contamination
is a key to Hindu spirituality. Purity is of three forms
-- purity in mind, speech and body, or thought, word
and deed. Purity is the pristine and natural state of
the soul. Impurity, or pollution, is the obscuring of
this state by adulterating experience and beclouding
conceptions. Here are several ways purity is preserved
in Hindu culture.
1. PURITY AND FOOD:
Purity is central to food and nutrition, as the nature
of one's nourishment deeply affects the entire physical,
mental and emotional nature. One cooking food for others
would never taste of the dish from a spoon and then
put the spoon back in the pot. If food is to be tasted
while cooking, a small portion is placed in the right
hand. Similarly, one would not touch the lips to a water
vessel that is also used by others. Nor would one offer
something to another from which one has taken a bite
or a sip.
2. SANCTIFIED FOOD OFFERINGS:
Food that tasted by Holy man (Sadhus) is revered as
sacred prasada or ucchhishta. This and the water from
the washing of his feet are sought after and imbibed
by devotees for the great spiritual blessings that they
contain toward moksha.
3. OFFERINGS:
Offerings, such as an archana basket, flowers or garlands,
are carried with both hands on the right side of the
body, so as to not be breathed on. All items are washed
in preparation and, if carried more than a short distance,
wrapped or covered. One does not sniff flowers picked
for offering to the Deities; even the smell is for the
Gods, not for us. Flowers that fall to the ground should
not be offered.
4. THE LEFT HAND:
In Asian culture the left hand is considered impure
because it is used (with water) in the place of toilet
paper for personal hygiene after answering the call
of nature. Handing another person anything with the
left hand may be considered a subtle insult.
5. SHOES:
Shoes are considered impure. The cultured Hindu never
wears shoes or sandals inside a temple, holy pond or
shrine, nor in his home or the homes of other Hindus.
6. CARE IN SITTING:
It is improper to sit with one's legs outstretched toward
a temple, shrine or altar, or even toward another person.
Worshiping, meditating or sitting in the kneeling pose
is not acceptable among Hindus.
|